城市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通系統具有(you)行(xing)車速度快(kuai)、運(yun)量大、乘客體(ti)驗舒適性較(jiao)高等(deng)優點(dian)，不僅在緩解交(jiao)通擁(yong)堵這個(ge)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)“頑疾”起到(dao)非常關鍵的作用(yong)，更是在節能(neng)減排降低環(huan)境(jing)污染保護環(huan)境(jing)等(deng)方面有(you)突出作用(yong)。因此近年(nian)來(lai)，全球(qiu)越來(lai)越多的城市(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)將建設城市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通作為提(ti)升城市(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)輸(shu)能(neng)力，緩解交(jiao)通擁(yong)堵的有(you)效措施。我國的軌(gui)道交(jiao)通事業(ye)近年(nian)來(lai)也得到(dao)飛(fei)速發(fa)展(zhan)。

　　城市軌道(dao)(dao)交通供電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由直流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和交流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩部(bu)分構(gou)成(cheng)，具體主要(yao)由進(jin)線(xian)電(dian)源、變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)、牽(qian)引系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、整流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、動力照(zhao)明系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等構(gou)成(cheng)。以貴陽軌道(dao)(dao)交通地鐵一號(hao)線(xian)為例，它采用高、中壓（110kV/35kV）兩級(ji)電(dian)壓集中供電(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式，即設置專(zhuan)用主變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)從電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)外接入(ru)110kV 電(dian)源，經降壓變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)降至 35kV 后(hou)向貴陽軌道(dao)(dao)交通一號(hao)線(xian)沿(yan)線(xian)的(de)(de)牽(qian)引變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)來(lai)進(jin)行供電(dian)。

　　我國規范規定，城市軌道交(jiao)通直流牽引供電系(xi)(xi)統有兩種(zhong)電壓等級，即 DC750V 和 DC1500V 的供電方式。貴(gui)陽軌道交(jiao)通一號線的供電系(xi)(xi)統從“安全、可(ke)靠、經濟(ji)、實用”的角度出發(fa)，結合(he)自身的實際情(qing)況，選(xuan)擇采(cai)用 DC1500V 架(jia)空接(jie)觸網(wang)的供電方式。

城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)一旦出現(xian)故障或(huo)中(zhong)斷就(jiu)可能(neng)會造(zao)成重(zhong)大事故甚至(zhi)會危(wei)及乘客的(de)生命財產安(an)全(quan)，因此(ci)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)能(neng)正常運(yun)營的(de)前提和重(zhong)要保(bao)證和前提就(jiu)是(shi)高(gao)度可靠安(an)全(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)給(gei)保(bao)障。而為了保(bao)證供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安(an)全(quan)可靠性，防止供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行過程中(zhong)可能(neng)會出現(xian)的(de)不正常運(yun)行狀態或(huo)故障狀態就(jiu)必須對(dui)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)完備的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)。對(dui)于整個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)的(de)牽引供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護配(pei)置(zhi)在必須滿足可靠性、選擇性、靈敏性和速動性四個(ge)(ge)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護基本原則的(de)前提下還(huan)應力求經濟合理。

交流保護城市軌道交通供電系統的交流部分

通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)包含有外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、主變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所、給線路(lu)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)網，還包含了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)動力(li)(li)照明(ming)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。如(ru)貴陽城市軌道交通(tong)(tong)一號線采用(yong)高、中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)兩級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方式，即(ji)采用(yong)外接(jie) 110kV 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)主變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所降壓(ya)(ya)至 35kV再(zai)向一號線沿(yan)線的(de)牽引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于交流(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)而言一般須配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)以下保(bao)護(hu)(hu)：過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、限時速斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、定時限過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya) 35kV 母線需(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)。如(ru)主變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)作為供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)重(zhong)要的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設(she)備就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)主變(bian)差動保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)速斷保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、零序(xu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)以及變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)非電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量保(bao)護(hu)(hu) ( 輕瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、重(zhong)瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、溫度保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、油位(wei)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)）。其余線路(lu)需(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)相應保(bao)護(hu)(hu)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)對保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)要求，由于和(he)常(chang)(chang)(chang)規交流(liu)(liu)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)類似不再(zai)贅述。

直流保護城市軌道交通供電系統的直流部分

主要由整流(liu)(liu)機組、接觸(chu)網裝置(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)纜、直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)開關(guan)柜等(deng)構成。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)系統的繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)正(zheng)是(shi)城市軌道(dao)交通(tong)供(gong)電(dian)系統區別于常(chang)規變電(dian)所和變電(dian)廠的部分。對任何繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)而言，都(dou)必須(xu)具備“可(ke)靠、靈敏、速動、選擇”四個基本(ben)原則，對于直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)部分而言速動性和可(ke)靠性同樣(yang)重要，這是(shi)由于要求(qiu)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)一旦檢測到(dao)故障(zhang)，保(bao)護(hu)就必須(xu)馬上動作(zuo)將故障(zhang)切除、快(kuai)速跳閘(zha)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)系統中最常(chang)見且(qie)造成損失最嚴重就是(shi)短路故障(zhang)，因(yin)此在(zai)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)必須(xu)考(kao)慮保(bao)護(hu)間的相互配(pei)合，快(kuai)速可(ke)靠的切除故障(zhang)。

軌道交通一號線供電系統的直流保護主要有：

（1）整(zheng)流機組保(bao)護。主(zhu)要包括(kuo)牽引變壓器本體保(bao)護、電流速(su)斷保(bao)護、過電流保(bao)護、零(ling)序電流保(bao)護等(deng)。

（2）整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。包括整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過電壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缺(que)相保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)等，以整流(liu)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為例(li)，它(ta)的(de)二次側(ce)具有電壓(ya)低但(dan)是電流(liu)較大(da)的(de)特點，通(tong)常不設置(zhi)(zhi)縱(zong)聯(lian)差(cha)動保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)整流(liu)機組內部(bu)發生短路時，會造成整個直流(liu)系統正、負母排之間的(de)短路，這(zhe)個巨(ju)大(da)的(de)電流(liu)也會造成母線、設備(bei)的(de)嚴重損壞，因此一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況下在(zai)配置(zhi)(zhi)電流(liu)速斷保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)前提(ti)下必須與直流(liu)框架泄(xie)漏保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合，在(zai)發生接地或(huo)弧光短路，使斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分閘(zha)，而整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本體(ti)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)設置(zhi)(zhi)整有流(liu)二極管(guan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交 / 直流(liu)側(ce)過電壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缺(que)相保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)來保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)正常工(gong)作(zuo)。

軌道交通供電系統直流饋線部分

（1）DC1500V 進線包括(kuo)大電流脫扣保(bao)護（斷路器本(ben)體保(bao)護）、過電流保(bao)護、逆流保(bao)護。

（2）DC1500V 饋(kui)線包括大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)脫扣保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)（直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斷路(lu)器本體保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)）、DDL 保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu) ( 電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上升(sheng)率(lv) di/dt 保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增量 I 保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu) )、過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、聯跳(tiao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、欠壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、過(guo)(guo)負荷(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。如(ru)，大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)跳(tiao)閘(zha)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)應(ying)避開(kai)列車正常啟動的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)并與相鄰供電(dian)(dian)區(qu)間(jian)的(de)(de)短路(lu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)配合，可防止(zhi)越區(qu)跳(tiao)閘(zha)。DDL 保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主要反應(ying)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)趨勢(shi)，能(neng)有效切除(chu)近端(duan)和(he)遠端(duan)的(de)(de)故障電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，同(tong)(tong)時還能(neng)區(qu)分非故障電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)干擾，因此已慢(man)慢(man)成為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。同(tong)(tong)時牽引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)所全所還設置了 1 套框架泄(xie)漏保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置安裝(zhuang)在負極柜中，它通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測單(dan)元來檢測電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)并與電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)斷保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)配合，迅速(su)跳(tiao)開(kai)站內所有直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)關、交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側開(kai)關并需人工復(fu)位才能(neng)重新合上。

通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)一號(hao)線供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流和直流保(bao)護(hu)配置的(de)(de)簡(jian)要分析，學習掌握繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)配置方案及保(bao)護(hu)原理(li)，對(dui)于城市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)檢修(xiu)(xiu)有非常重要的(de)(de)指(zhi)導意義(yi)，一旦發生故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)能(neng)及時采取針對(dui)性的(de)(de)檢修(xiu)(xiu)措施來快速排(pai)除故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，來保(bao)證城市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)運(yun)行正常穩定。