電(dian)能(neng)由發電(dian)站(zhan)產生, 在輸(shu)送過(guo)程匯總, 通(tong)過(guo)線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)純電(dian)阻等設(she)備(bei)時(shi)會發生能(neng)量(liang)轉化(hua), 產生無功(gong)功(gong)率, 因輸(shu)電(dian)線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)負責一(yi)般為混合負載, 所以輸(shu)電(dian)功(gong)率因數(shu)通(tong)常低于1, 為了保持電(dian)網其他輸(shu)變電(dian)設(she)備(bei)穩定運行(xing), 就需(xu)要進行(xing)高(gao)效地無功(gong)補償, 以最(zui)大限度的(de)降(jiang)低線(xian)路波動, 降(jiang)低電(dian)能(neng)損(sun)失(shi)。

影響10kV電網無功補償降損的主要因素

電網規劃的科學性

電(dian)(dian)網(wang)規劃是(shi)否(fou)科學(xue)直接關(guan)系(xi)到電(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)線(xian)損控制效果, 在(zai)設計城市電(dian)(dian)路(lu)時, 應當通過優化措(cuo)施來解決(jue)供配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統中發生的(de)線(xian)損耗量(liang)問題(ti), 進而保障城市的(de)科學(xue)供電(dian)(dian)。同時, 由于負(fu)荷中心(xin)和電(dian)(dian)源點之間存在(zai)距(ju)離問題(ti), 所以需要一方面及時更(geng)換老(lao)化線(xian)路(lu), 另(ling)一方面減少輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)力線(xian)損量(liang), 才能解決(jue)線(xian)損問題(ti), 提升供電(dian)(dian)能力。

配電設備的先進性

如果(guo)配電(dian)(dian)設(she)備比較落后, 會造成電(dian)(dian)能損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)問(wen)題的(de)(de)加(jia)劇, 因此, 必(bi)須(xu)合理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)無功補償, 無論(lun)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)低(di)峰(feng)期, 還是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)期, 都應當(dang)做(zuo)好電(dian)(dian)網低(di)壓(ya)線(xian)路負荷量(liang)(liang)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)的(de)(de)適當(dang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)。一(yi)方面(mian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)好電(dian)(dian)力線(xian)路的(de)(de)過(guo)長(chang)或者過(guo)細等問(wen)題, 另一(yi)方面(mian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值和點流量(liang)(liang)進(jin)行不(bu)斷優化, 通過(guo)優化技(ji)術來解決電(dian)(dian)網線(xian)損(sun)(sun)問(wen)題。

管理措施的嚴格性

嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施有助于解決10kV線(xian)路的(de)供(gong)電(dian)線(xian)損問題, 具體而言(yan), 必須(xu)嚴格(ge)(ge)依據供(gong)電(dian)周期來計算供(gong)電(dian)量, 合理(li)配(pei)置電(dian)力計算裝置, 要(yao)求電(dian)力抄(chao)表人員保證工作準確(que)性, 科學(xue)管(guan)理(li), 合理(li)供(gong)電(dian), 通過健全完善電(dian)力運(yun)行管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施制度來盡量避(bi)免線(xian)損問題。

優化設計10kV電網以提升無功補償降損效果

降低供電半徑

降低供(gong)電(dian)半徑是優化城市(shi)電(dian)網, 減少用電(dian)線損的(de)典型(xing)做(zuo)法, 也是合理規劃(hua)電(dian)力線路的(de)重要一環(huan), 因此(ci), 在實(shi)踐過程中, 應當嚴格遵守國家和行(xing)業標準, 監督(du)管理好電(dian)網的(de)設(she)計(ji)工作, 尤(you)其是要科學(xue)管理變壓器、電(dian)流數值以及電(dian)壓數值, 以不斷(duan)提升供(gong)電(dian)質量和供(gong)電(dian)水平(ping), 解決(jue)電(dian)網線損問題, 提升電(dian)網運行(xing)節能效益水平(ping)。

保(bao)證配(pei)電網管理設備和技術(shu)的科學性

在檢修電(dian)網(wang)(wang)配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的過程中, 應當(dang)注(zhu)重科(ke)學管(guan)理配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)設(she)備, 同(tong)時, 在檢修和更新電(dian)網(wang)(wang)時, 工作人員也應當(dang)嚴格按照規(gui)定和要求管(guan)理供電(dian)系(xi)統, 提升電(dian)網(wang)(wang)運(yun)行(xing)的可(ke)靠性和安全性, 合理控(kong)制電(dian)網(wang)(wang), 一(yi)方面(mian)保(bao)證配電(dian)設(she)備運(yun)行(xing)的科(ke)學性, 另一(yi)方面(mian)盡可(ke)能(neng)降低線(xian)損問題的出現(xian)。

在配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)負荷管理(li)(li)方面, 應(ying)當穩定處(chu)理(li)(li), 合理(li)(li)平(ping)衡, 避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行(xing)荷載(zai)問題(ti)的(de)(de)發生, 同時不斷(duan)提(ti)高配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)設備的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)經濟水平(ping), 第(di)一時間(jian)了解和分析電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)真實運(yun)行(xing)情況, 管理(li)(li)好導線(xian)(xian)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備, 并做好電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)部件的(de)(de)更新工作(zuo)和技術改造工作(zuo), 不斷(duan)提(ti)高技術水平(ping)和線(xian)(xian)路質量, 通過(guo)新型(xing)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)來提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)模式和高度。

嚴(yan)格做好配電網管理工作

作(zuo)為供(gong)電(dian)(dian)部門和(he)(he)相(xiang)關(guan)單(dan)位, 應當著(zhu)重做(zuo)好配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網管(guan)理(li)的(de)監督工作(zuo), 既(ji)要(yao)做(zuo)好分(fen)級補(bu)償工作(zuo), 又要(yao)做(zuo)好就(jiu)地(di)平衡(heng)無功補(bu)償工作(zuo), 一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面有針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性地(di)完(wan)(wan)善組(zu)織措施(shi)和(he)(he)技術措施(shi), 另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面健全配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度。進一(yi)(yi)步健全供(gong)電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi), 嚴禁發生明顯的(de)超載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)現象, 保證供(gong)電(dian)(dian)模式的(de)精細(xi)化(hua)和(he)(he)自動化(hua), 盡可能減少誤差, 并對(dui)(dui)新型供(gong)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果做(zuo)出優化(hua), 通過不斷提升電(dian)(dian)力科技創新技術水平來完(wan)(wan)善供(gong)電(dian)(dian)部門和(he)(he)相(xiang)關(guan)單(dan)位的(de)內部管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度與責(ze)任制(zhi)度體系(xi)。

10kV線路無功補償的主要形式概述

無功補(bu)(bu)償(chang)以變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站補(bu)(bu)償(chang)、電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)以及隨(sui)機補(bu)(bu)償(chang)、跟蹤補(bu)(bu)償(chang)和(he)隨(sui)器補(bu)(bu)償(chang)為主要方(fang)式(shi), 具(ju)體(ti)應(ying)用(yong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)網布設特點、電(dian)(dian)力(li)設施配置情況、技(ji)術人員實(shi)際作業水平以及線(xian)路(lu)、用(yong)戶(hu)實(shi)際情況來確定(ding)。

變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)集中補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)式(shi), 主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)平衡無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv), 調整(zheng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數, 補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)裝置主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集中安裝于(yu)(yu)10kV線(xian)(xian)路(lu)母線(xian)(xian)上, 管(guan)理和(he)(he)維護(hu)方(fang)便(bian);配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang), 是(shi)直接(jie)(jie)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)安裝在(zai)桿塔上的(de)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)式(shi), 優點是(shi)控(kong)制較為(wei)方(fang)便(bian), 費用(yong)(yong)低、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數偏低同時(shi)負荷(he)較重的(de)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu), 但補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)容(rong)(rong)量不易(yi)過大;隨機補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang), 是(shi)將(jiang)10kV電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)動機進行連接(jie)(jie), 隨后(hou)對保(bao)護(hu)裝置和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)動機進行投切操作實(shi)現無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang), 由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動機處(chu)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)末端, 可(ke)以有(you)效(xiao)地降低或消(xiao)除因電(dian)(dian)動機推出和(he)(he)投入導(dao)致的(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)負荷(he)波動;跟蹤(zong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang), 一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)專用(yong)(yong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)用(yong)(yong)戶, 將(jiang)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)投切設備選用(yong)(yong)為(wei)控(kong)制保(bao)護(hu)裝置, 將(jiang)低壓電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)母線(xian)(xian)上, 這種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)非常靈活, 實(shi)際補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)果非常好。隨器(qi)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)法(fa), 主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)空載無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv), 將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)在(zai)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓器(qi)上, 連接(jie)(jie)較為(wei)簡單、維護(hu)也較為(wei)方(fang)便(bian), 特別是(shi)低壓干式(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong), 使得整(zheng)體投運率(lv)極高, 能夠十(shi)分有(you)效(xiao)地降低電(dian)(dian)網(wang)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)基本負荷(he)。

10KV線路無功補償降損的實例分析

我(wo)們以(yi)一(yi)段長為40.4千(qian)(qian)米的(de)10KV線(xian)(xian)路為例, 其(qi)(qi)前段和后段分(fen)別(bie)是3.1千(qian)(qian)米的(de)LGJ-50mm2導(dao)線(xian)(xian)和37.3千(qian)(qian)米的(de)LGJ-35mm2導(dao)線(xian)(xian), 最(zui)大供(gong)電半徑(jing)為22.9千(qian)(qian)米。共67臺變(bian)壓器, 2810千(qian)(qian)伏的(de)總容量, 其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)60臺用(yong)(yong)于當地(di)多家(jia)秸稈加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)作業(ye), 通(tong)常最(zui)大負荷1600千(qian)(qian)瓦, 平(ping)均功(gong)(gong)率(lv)50安, 自然(ran)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)為0.64, 在采用(yong)(yong)隨機補償和線(xian)(xian)路分(fen)段補償之后, 其(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)分(fen)別(bie)可(ke)以(yi)達到0.82和0.93。為了最(zui)佳(jia)補償效果, 可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)無功(gong)(gong)變(bian)化量為依(yi)據來(lai)自動選擇組合方式。

在(zai)(zai)確(que)定補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)容量(liang)的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)設為補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)前功(gong)率因數, 為補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)后達到的(de)功(gong)率因數, 按照無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)的(de)標準計算(suan)公(gong)式, 來對需補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)無功(gong)量(liang)做出確(que)定。在(zai)(zai)確(que)定補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)位置的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 應當充(chong)分結合各個因素, 包括(kuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)現狀、無功(gong)潮流(liu)分布情況(kuang)、網絡運行結構以及(ji)方式等。由于(yu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)相應符合主要集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)后端(duan)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan), 因此要在(zai)(zai)靠前位置選擇安裝點(dian)。通常情況(kuang)下, 可(ke)(ke)選擇型號包括(kuo)300Kvar、200Kvar、100Kvar和(he)0Kvar四個等級, 可(ke)(ke)以根據無功(gong)變化量(liang)進行自由選擇搭配(pei)。

綜(zong)上所(suo)述, 10kV線路在運行過程中, 無功補償降損(sun)工作(zuo)仍存(cun)在諸多問題, 作(zuo)為供電(dian)企業, 必須嚴(yan)格(ge)管理供電(dian)工作(zuo), 合理規劃電(dian)網設計, 提升配電(dian)設備水平, 優化(hua)供電(dian)技(ji)術(shu), 才能切實解決線損(sun)問題, 提升供電(dian)效率和水平。