干式電力變壓器故障解決方案

電力變壓器作為連接供電系統各裝置的重要環節，其可靠性和持續性是電力生產和傳輸的關鍵。變壓器故障可能發生于跳閘導致的不可見供斷期，因此，良好的維護策略是避免電力系統故障至關重要的環節。本文通過診斷結果和實驗綜述了電力系統故障的潛在原因，并對不同類型的測試分析和監測手段進行研究。IB-S201表明，套管失效是變壓器擊穿的主要原因之一，也是福州英諾干式變壓器溫控器的關注重點。

變壓器套管故障

套管作為變壓器易損壞部分，約 44% 的大型變壓器強制停運與套管和繞組有關。而國際大電網會議數據顯示約 10% 的變壓器故障由套管損壞引起。對變壓器故障進行分析，發現套管失效主要表現為套管、儲能電路、有載調壓變壓器 (OLTC)、阻繞及鐵心故障。從物理學及電力學角度來看，套管式變壓器的薄弱部分，其初始擊穿過程難以檢測，常引起套管突然失效進而導致變壓器故障。

變壓器故障有哪些原因電力故障、機械故障和熱力學故障

依據(ju)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)維(wei)護流程對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)根(gen)源(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)三種模式：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、機械故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)和(he)熱(re)力(li)(li)(li)學故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。這些故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)又(you)可(ke)(ke)進(jin)一步分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)內部故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)（絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老化(hua)、線(xian)圈松動、過(guo)熱(re)、受潮、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)污(wu)染、局部放電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)）及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外部故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)（系統(tong)(tong)轉換(huan)操作(zuo)、系統(tong)(tong)過(guo)載、系統(tong)(tong)錯(cuo)誤等(deng)）。絕(jue)(jue)大(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)(ke)以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧放電(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)、纖維(wei)過(guo)熱(re)和(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)過(guo)熱(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)診斷方式文/張瑞紅本(ben)文綜述了變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)了大(da)(da)量(liang)調(diao)查(cha)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)測試案例(li)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)原因(yin)，并提出(chu)對應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預防措(cuo)施。研(yan)究(jiu)表明變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)擊(ji)穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)是套(tao)管失效(xiao)，老化(hua)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)過(guo)程除(chu)確(que)定高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)壽(shou)命及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其他影響(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)素(su)外，應(ying)(ying)(ying)考慮(lv)濕度對其影響(xiang)(xiang)。摘要四類，每(mei)類錯(cuo)誤均(jun)對應(ying)(ying)(ying)多種成因(yin)。以絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)污(wu)染為(wei)(wei)例(li)，通常是由(you)于絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)降解、過(guo)載、熱(re)力(li)(li)(li)學壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)因(yin)素(su)作(zuo)用(yong)于套(tao)管導(dao)(dao)致。對變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)保護繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)跳閘案例(li)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，結果發現(xian) 87% 的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)跳閘現(xian)象(xiang)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)導(dao)(dao)致，這其中 10% 伴(ban)隨著保護繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)誤操作(zuo)，其余則是由(you)于變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。與此同時，我們發現(xian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)跳閘次(ci)數隨時間變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。

變壓器出現故障怎么檢查

交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是一個復(fu)雜(za)的(de)網絡，絕緣擊穿導致(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)增加了更換及維修(xiu)成(cheng)本。2000 年初(chu) 提出(chu)了變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)行的(de)三種測試(shi)操(cao)作，即：常規試(shi)驗、型(xing)式(shi)試(shi)驗和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)于(yu)不同任務(wu)(wu)的(de)特殊試(shi)驗。檢查變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)狀況的(de)常規診斷方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有化(hua)(hua)學法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，熱力(li)學法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，光學和(he)(he)(he)機(ji)械法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。含溶解氣(qi)體分析（DGA），擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)糠醛分析組成(cheng)的(de)化(hua)(hua)學法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是當前最流行和(he)(he)(he)最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)診斷方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。基于(yu) Weibull分布(bu)統計研(yan)究(jiu)了 63/20 kV 變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)，由此(ci)提出(chu)了五(wu)(wu)種變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)分析方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，包(bao)括：定(ding)期(qi)測試(shi)、服務(wu)(wu)、保護操(cao)作、絕緣問(wen)題和(he)(he)(he)其他（套管故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，開發，閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)等），這些對(dui)改進生產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)項目(mu)運(yun)營(ying)至(zhi)關重(zhong)要(yao)。與此(ci)同時，Weibull 分布(bu)也可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)分析模型(xing)的(de)開發，并預(yu)測聚合絕緣材料的(de)分解時間。常采用(yong)以下手段研(yan)究(jiu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)成(cheng)因(yin)：內部檢查和(he)(he)(he)測試(shi)，包(bao)括物理測試(shi)、絕緣油測試(shi)和(he)(he)(he)溶解氣(qi)體分析。目(mu)前，熱性(xing)能和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場（EMF）是確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)根(gen)源的(de)前沿方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，該方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)基于(yu) AC / DC 模塊和(he)(he)(he)有限(xian)元方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（應用(yong)麥克斯韋方(fang)(fang)程和(he)(he)(he)安(an)培(pei)定(ding)律(lv)）實現(xian)。建模過程分為五(wu)(wu)個階段：繪圖（CAD軟件）、設置(zhi)域和(he)(he)(he)邊(bian)界（邊(bian)界條(tiao)件）、網格化(hua)(hua)、求(qiu)解和(he)(he)(he)后(hou)處理。

電力變壓器預測性維護的早期故障檢測方法

主(zhu)要依據(ju)絕緣和(he)局部放(fang)電(dian)檢查。近年來(lai)，經濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展促進(jin)了故(gu)障預測(ce)、設備維護技術的(de)進(jin)步，預防性(xing)測(ce)試和(he)故(gu)障診斷(duan)技術日(ri)趨成熟，提高了電(dian)力變壓器的(de)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。基于診斷(duan)程序的(de)在線(xian)檢測(ce)得到廣泛(fan)應用(yong)。相比離線(xian)測(ce)量，在線(xian)測(ce)量可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高，迭代 - 傳輸 - 分配系統可(ke)(ke)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)運行。