大棚智能溫控系統的架構設計

操作員首先將(jiang)(jiang)棚內(nei)所需要的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度條件(jian)進行(xing)設(she)定(ding), C8051F120單片機獲取到該設(she)定(ding)條件(jian)后, 將(jiang)(jiang)開啟以DS18B20為(wei)溫(wen)(wen)度傳感器的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度監(jian)測電路(lu), 實時接收監(jian)測到的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度信號, 并(bing)將(jiang)(jiang)監(jian)測信號作為(wei)輸入(ru)量(liang), 調(diao)用PID算(suan)法根據(ju)輸入(ru)量(liang)與(yu)設(she)定(ding)條件(jian)進行(xing)計(ji)算(suan)控(kong)制(zhi)量(liang), 當計(ji)算(suan)出控(kong)制(zhi)量(liang)后, 單片機將(jiang)(jiang)根據(ju)控(kong)制(zhi)量(liang)對(dui)調(diao)控(kong)單元進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi), 進而實現對(dui)調(diao)溫(wen)(wen)設(she)備的(de)調(diao)節, 達到對(dui)棚內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度自動精(jing)確控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)效果。

大棚智能溫控系統的硬件電路設計

根據(ju)大(da)棚(peng)溫度控制的(de)(de)需(xu)求, 以及本文智(zhi)能(neng)溫控系統的(de)(de)架構(gou)設計, 設計的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)溫控系統主(zhu)要由控制單(dan)元(yuan)、溫度監測單(dan)元(yuan)、人機交(jiao)互單(dan)元(yuan)以及調(diao)節單(dan)元(yuan)構(gou)成。

液(ye)(ye)晶觸摸(mo)屏以(yi)(yi)及聲光報警(jing)、矩陣(zhen)鍵盤構成了(le)(le)人機(ji)(ji)交互單(dan)(dan)元, 操(cao)(cao)(cao)作員(yuan)通過液(ye)(ye)晶觸摸(mo)屏可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將預定的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)條件輸入(ru)進(jin)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji), 同時(shi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作員(yuan)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過液(ye)(ye)晶屏對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)結果進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong), 當實時(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)超(chao)過了(le)(le)預定的(de)預警(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)時(shi), 單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji)將啟動(dong)聲光報警(jing)電(dian)(dian)路, 發出(chu)警(jing)報提示操(cao)(cao)(cao)作員(yuan), 另外(wai)當液(ye)(ye)晶屏出(chu)現故障時(shi), 操(cao)(cao)(cao)作員(yuan)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過矩陣(zhen)鍵盤作為輸入(ru)設備(bei)對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作。硬件電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測單(dan)(dan)元主(zhu)要由以(yi)(yi)DS18B20為中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)路以(yi)(yi)及溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)信號(hao)(hao)整(zheng)理電(dian)(dian)路組(zu)成, 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)路用于(yu)采集棚內(nei)的(de)實時(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)并轉(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao), 信號(hao)(hao)整(zheng)理電(dian)(dian)路用于(yu)對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)濾波以(yi)(yi)及放大(da), 然(ran)后送(song)入(ru)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)AD轉(zhuan)換(huan)。單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji)獲(huo)取到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)信號(hao)(hao)后, 將啟用PID算法, 對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)偏差(cha)量進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)計算, 得(de)(de)出(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量, 進(jin)而利用根(gen)據控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量輸出(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)對晶閘管的(de)開度(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi), 從(cong)而使得(de)(de)流(liu)經調溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設備(bei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)得(de)(de)到(dao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi), 調溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設備(bei)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)流(liu)量進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)。

硬件電路中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)用的(de)是(shi)NEC科技(ji)的(de)NL4823HC37-03型7寸液(ye)晶(jing)屏, 該(gai)液(ye)晶(jing)屏具有串口(kou)通信、可視(shi)角度(du)寬(kuan)等(deng)特點。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)監測電路中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)用的(de)是(shi)DS18B20作為(wei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感器對(dui)(dui)棚內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)進行(xing)實時監測, 該(gai)傳感器具有體積小、靈敏度(du)高等(deng)特點, 能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)微小的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)變換(huan)進行(xing)快(kuai)速(su)監測。控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)主要以C8051F120單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)作為(wei)核心, 該(gai)單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)自帶串口(kou) (UART) 以及(ji)AD功能(neng)(neng)方(fang)便(bian)和硬件電路中(zhong)的(de)液(ye)晶(jing)屏以及(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)監測單(dan)元(yuan)連接, 同時該(gai)單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)還(huan)具有計(ji)算速(su)度(du)快(kuai)、計(ji)算精度(du)高等(deng)特點, 能(neng)(neng)夠使得溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)系統(tong)快(kuai)速(su)準確的(de)對(dui)(dui)棚內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)進行(xing)調(diao)控(kong)。在調(diao)節(jie)單(dan)元(yuan)中(zhong), 采(cai)(cai)用了BTA100-800B型大功率雙(shuang)向晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)作為(wei)調(diao)節(jie)器件, 通過單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)信號對(dui)(dui)該(gai)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)的(de)開度(du)進行(xing)調(diao)節(jie), 從而有效控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)經調(diao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設備的(de)電流(liu), 從而控(kong)制(zhi)調(diao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設備對(dui)(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)進行(xing)調(diao)節(jie)。

大棚智能溫控系統的控制策略設計

智能溫(wen)控(kong)系統的(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)設計包含了硬件(jian)初始(shi)化程序以及控(kong)制策略(lve)的(de)設計等(deng)。其中控(kong)制策略(lve)的(de)設計為(wei)軟(ruan)件(jian)設計的(de)核心。

當前(qian)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)控(kong)(kong)制策(ce)略(lve)多種多樣(yang), 其(qi)中PID算(suan)法具(ju)有簡單易實現(xian)等特點, 為當前(qian)用的(de)較多的(de)控(kong)(kong)制策(ce)略(lve)之一(yi)。本文(wen)采用PID算(suan)法作為控(kong)(kong)制策(ce)略(lve), 以實現(xian)對(dui)溫度精確調控(kong)(kong)的(de)同時, 讓(rang)系統(tong)響應更快, 以提高系統(tong)的(de)靈敏度。

PID算法的本質(zhi)為(wei)一種(zhong)線性的控制(zhi)策略(lve), 其本質(zhi)表述如下:

其中(zhong), u (t) 、a (t) 以及b (t) 分別表示t時刻的(de)輸出量(liang)、輸入量(liang)以及設定量(liang)。

對 (1) 式進行(xing)積分、微分以及(ji)比例(li)運(yun)算后可得PID調(diao)節輸(shu)出(chu)如下:

其中, Kp、KI以(yi)及KD分別表(biao)示(shi)比例系數、積(ji)分系數以(yi)及微分系數。

通過 (2) 式(shi)即可(ke)實(shi)現PID算法(fa)的調(diao)節, 獲(huo)取(qu)控制量。

為了實現(xian)對(dui)大(da)棚溫度(du)進行(xing)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)效、準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),  一(yi)種基于C8051F120單片(pian)機控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)棚智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)溫度(du)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)靈(ling)敏度(du)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)DS18B20作為溫度(du)采集(ji)器(qi)對(dui)實時(shi)溫度(du)進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce), 通過C8051F120作為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)設計(ji)了硬件電路。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)簡單易實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)PID算法(fa)作為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)策(ce)略, 利用(yong)(yong)(yong)設定(ding)量以及輸(shu)入(ru)量作為依據計(ji)算出控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)量, 用(yong)(yong)(yong)于對(dui)調溫設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi), 從而達到對(dui)大(da)棚內(nei)溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)調節。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)溫控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)有助(zhu)于實現(xian)對(dui)大(da)棚內(nei)溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調控(kong)(kong)。

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